Diagnosis of EC was established before menopause only in 20% of patients ( 2, 11).

EC was diagnosed in a mean age of 63 years, and 90% of patients are older than 50 years. This increased number has been associated with obesity and physical inactivity ( 1). Unfortunately, the incidence is rising with an increase in life expectancy. However, lower incidences were reported in parts of Africa and Asia, for example, in Algeria (ASR =2.2/100,000) or India (ASR =1.9/100,000) ( 8- 10). Moreover, the incidence varies ~10-fold worldwide with estimated age-standardized rates of 15 per 100,000 women and higher in 2018 in Europe and North America (developed countries). Throughout the last 20 years, the incidence and mortality rate for EC has increased by more than 100% ( 2, 8). In the United States EC incidence was 61,380 new uterine cancer cases in 2017, with almost 11,000 deaths from the disease ( 3, 4). EC develops in about 142,000 women worldwide each year, with the mortality rate of 42,000 patients ( 1). In 2012 EC was diagnosed in 527,600 women in the globe with the mortality rate 1.7 to 2.4 per 100,000 women ( 7). Accepted for publication Apr 07, 2020.Īdenocarcinoma is the most common form of endometrial cancer (EC) and it is the fifth most common malignant disorder among women worldwide and the fourth most common female cancer in the US ( 1- 6). Keywords: Dilation and curettage early diagnosis endometrial cancer endometrial sampling Pipelle biopsy The above mentioned contradictory conclusions by different researchers and lack of guidance to avoid inadequate sampling present the demand for further studies on the comparison of Pipelle biopsy and uterine curettage efficiency and accuracy.

Failure to get samples that are adequate for histological examination is one of the problems associated with Pipelle sampling. In addition, there are many factors affecting the efficiency of the endometrial biopsy. However, it is proven the Pipelle technique has a limited capacity to identify endometrial polyps, and some authors, based on their study, claim that dilation and curettage is a more reliable method in terms of correlation with the final histological results. Moreover, Pipelle biopsy appears more beneficial as it does not require hospital admission and anaesthesia. Published results state that Pipelle biopsy and uterine curettage are almost equally reliable in the evaluation of endometrial pathologies. Many studies compared the validity and accuracy of Pipelle biopsy with dilation and curettage in the detection of various endometrial pathologies. The method became very useful due to easiness and simplicity of the procedure, availability of a device, as well as high sensitivity in detecting endometrial cancer. Currently, Pipelle endometrial sampling is widely used to diagnose endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding and/or postmenopausal bleeding. The most popular office-based device for endometrial sampling procedure is the Pipelle device. Outpatient endometrial biopsy using different devices for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding is gaining popularity. Endometrial biopsy could be obtained using different modalities: hysteroscopy-directed endometrial biopsy, uterine curettage or office endometrial biopsy. The diagnosis of endometrial cancer is based on the histologic results of endometrial sampling. The most prevalent, however not pathognomonic symptom of the disease is abnormal uterine bleeding. Milan Milosav Terzic 1,2,3, Gulzhanat Aimagambetova 4, Sanja Terzic 1, Melanie Norton 5, Gauri Bapayeva 2, Simone Garzon 6ġDepartment of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 3 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ĤDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 5 Department of Urogynaecology, Whittington Hospital, London, UK Ħ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Insubria, Varese, ItalyĬontributions: (I) Conception and design: MM Terzic, G Bapayeva, S Garzon (II) Administrative support: G Bapayeva, S Garzon (III) Provision of study materials or patients: G Aimagambetova, S Terzic, M Norton (IV) Collection and assembly of data: G Aimagambetova, S Terzic, M Norton (V) Data analysis and interpretation: G Aimagambetova, S Terzic, M Norton (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.Ībstract: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries. Interviews with Outstanding Guest Editors.Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.

Endo biopsy